1. Show that for the multivariate normal model with \(n\) observations, the MLE of \((\mu, \Sigma)\) is \((\bar{y}, S/n)\), whereas for the Wishart model with \(n-1\) degrees of freedom, the MLE of \(\Sigma\) is \(S/(n-1)\). Show that for the normal model with \(n\) observations where the mean \(\mu\) is known to be zero, the MLE of \(\Sigma\) is \(S/n\).

  2. Prove that \(S/n\) is the best \(GL\)-equivariant estimator under Stein’s loss.

  3. Prove Theorem 26 in the notes, characterizing the orthogonally equivariant estimators.

  4. Prove Theorem 27 in the notes, describing the risk of orthogonally equivariant estimators.