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Gene set: MM_UP_MUNSHI (C2:PERT:0103)
Standard nameMM_UP_MUNSHI
Systematic nameC2:PERT:0103
Brief descriptionGenes upregulated in multiple myeloma (MM) cells versus the normal plasma cells of patients' identical twins.
CategoryC2: Curated
Sub-categoryPERT: Experimental pertuberation
Full description or Abstract

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Genetic heterogeneity between individuals confounds the comparison
of gene profiling of multiple myeloma (MM) cells versus normal
plasma cells (PCs). To overcome this barrier, we compared the
gene expression profile of CD138+ MM cells from a patient bone
marrow (BM) sample with CD138+ PCs from a genetically identical
twin BM sample using microarray profiling. Two hundred and ninety-six
genes were up-regulated and 103 genes were down-regulated at least
2-fold in MM cells versus normal twin PCs. Highly expressed genes
in MM cells included cell survival pathway genes such as mcl-1,
dad-1, caspase 8, and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (FLIP); oncogenes/transcriptional
factors such as Jun-D, Xbp-1, calmodulin, Calnexin, and FGFR-3;
stress response and ubiquitin/proteasome pathway-related genes
and various ribosomal genes reflecting increased metabolic and
translational activity. Genes that were down-regulated in MM cells
versus healthy twin PCs included RAD51, killer cell immunoglobulin-like
receptor protein, and apoptotic protease activating factor. Microarray
results were further confirmed by Western blot analyses, immunohistochemistry,
fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and functional assays
of telomerase activity and bone marrow angiogenesis. This molecular
profiling provides potential insights into mechanisms of malignant
transformation in MM. For example, FGFR3, xbp-1, and both mcl-1
and dad-1 may mediate transformation, differentiation, and survival,
respectively, and may have clinical implications. By identifying
genes uniquely altered in MM cells compared with normal PCs in
an identical genotypic background, the current study provides
the framework to identify novel therapeutic targets. 
Publication URL12969976
External linksna
Keywords & MeSH headingsMembrane Glycoproteins,In Situ Hybridization,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis,P.H.S.,Immunohistochemistry,Multiple Myeloma,Blotting,Proteoglycans,Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism,Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism,Diseases in Twins,Western,Up-Regulation,genetics,Antigens,Biological,Neovascularization,Bone Marrow Cells,metabolism,Fluorescence,Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex,Telomerase/metabolism,Non-P.H.S.,Female,Models,Down-Regulation,Genotype,Twins,Humans,Pathologic,Gene Expression Regulation,cytology,CD34/biosynthesis,biosynthesis,Monozygotic
OrganismHuman
Contributed byKate Stafford
Source platformGene_Symbol
Downloadgrp|xml|map
Genes

82 genes, 82 accessions (Toggle view)

GeneTitleLinks
HCLS1hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1Source|GeneCards
USP22ubiquitin specific protease 22Source|GeneCards
USP9Xubiquitin specific protease 9, X-linked (fat facets-like, Drosophila)Source|GeneCards
UBE2L3ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L 3Source|GeneCards
KPNA4karyopherin alpha 4 (importin alpha 3)Source|GeneCards
FGFR3fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (achondroplasia, thanatophoric dwarfism)Source|GeneCards
FZR1Fzr1 proteinSource|GeneCards
MSI1musashi homolog 1 (Drosophila)Source|GeneCards
ANXA2annexin A2Source|GeneCards
PAK3p21 (CDKN1A)-activated kinase 3Source|GeneCards
ISG20interferon stimulated gene 20kDaSource|GeneCards
HAX1HS1 binding proteinSource|GeneCards
EEF1A1eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1Source|GeneCards
CD68CD68 antigenSource|GeneCards
FKBP2FK506 binding protein 2, 13kDaSource|GeneCards
UQCRubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase (6.4kD) subunitSource|GeneCards
PIM2pim-2 oncogeneSource|GeneCards
ANGPT1angiopoietin 1Source|GeneCards
CANXcalnexinSource|GeneCards
PSMB1proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 1Source|GeneCards
WIT-1Wilms tumor associated proteinSource|GeneCards
FLT3LGfms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligandSource|GeneCards
JUNDjun D proto-oncogeneSource|GeneCards
DDX18DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 18Source|GeneCards
IFITM1interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (9-27)Source|GeneCards
NACAnascent-polypeptide-associated complex alpha polypeptideSource|GeneCards
KRT8keratin 8Source|GeneCards
MCL1myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (BCL2-related)Source|GeneCards
RELBv-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3 (avian)Source|GeneCards
ACVRL1activin A receptor type II-like 1Source|GeneCards
S100A4S100 calcium binding protein A4 (calcium protein, calvasculin, metastasin, murine placental homolog)Source|GeneCards
VAV2vav 2 oncogeneSource|GeneCards
EIF4G2eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 2Source|GeneCards
EPORerythropoietin receptorSource|GeneCards
CALRcalreticulinSource|GeneCards
NFKBIAnuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alphaSource|GeneCards
CD63CD63 antigen (melanoma 1 antigen)Source|GeneCards
JUNv-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Source|GeneCards
FSTfollistatinSource|GeneCards
CSF2colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)Source|GeneCards
KATNB1katanin p80 (WD repeat containing) subunit B 1Source|GeneCards
CSF1colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)Source|GeneCards
LDHBlactate dehydrogenase BSource|GeneCards
ZNF91zinc finger protein 91 (HPF7, HTF10)Source|GeneCards
CALM2calmodulin 2 (phosphorylase kinase, delta)Source|GeneCards
GSTM4glutathione S-transferase M4Source|GeneCards
PSME2proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 2 (PA28 beta)Source|GeneCards
RING1ring finger protein 1Source|GeneCards
SSR4signal sequence receptor, delta (translocon-associated protein delta)Source|GeneCards
UBCubiquitin CSource|GeneCards
RANRAN, member RAS oncogene familySource|GeneCards
AXLAXL receptor tyrosine kinaseSource|GeneCards
XRCC5X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5 (double-strand-break rejoining; Ku autoantigen, 80kDa)Source|GeneCards
CNNM2cyclin M2Source|GeneCards
CXCR4chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4Source|GeneCards
USF2upstream transcription factor 2, c-fos interactingSource|GeneCards
TRIM32tripartite motif-containing 32Source|GeneCards
PECAM1platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31 antigen)Source|GeneCards
PFDN5prefoldin 5Source|GeneCards
PSMA2proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 2Source|GeneCards
LIFRleukemia inhibitory factor receptorSource|GeneCards
DBIdiazepam binding inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-Coenzyme A binding protein)Source|GeneCards
DAD1defender against cell death 1Source|GeneCards
XBP1X-box binding protein 1Source|GeneCards
UBBubiquitin BSource|GeneCards
EDF1endothelial differentiation-related factor 1Source|GeneCards


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