a) There are 93 words of which 41 (44%) are words of 1 to 3 letters, 24 (26% are words of 4 to 5 letters, and 28 (30%) are 6 or more letters. The pie chart should have 3 segments reflecting those percentages.
c) The bar graph should have 6 bars. They should be arranged in pairs, displaying words of 1 to 3 letters for each writer, than words of 4 or 5 letters for each writer, than the pair for 6 or more letters. The heights should be relative frequencies rather than absolute frequencies because the total number of words are different for each writer.
e) The pie charts are better for getting a picture of how the individual writer uses words, while the bar graph is better for comparison.
Problem 6.
The graph can be drawn in 2 ways. You can either display all six categories for 1960 first, followed by 1980-, then 1990. Or you can display all 3 years for "Mother and Father", and so on. The graph should include the source of the data, the axes should be clearly labeled and there should be a descriptive title for the picture.
Problem 8.
a) The first picture should have violent crimes on the vertical axis and year on the horizontal axis. Violent crime should start just below th lowest value in the data set, about 1.25. Scaling the lengths of the axes to make the vertical axis much longer than the horizontal will also exaggerate the effect. The second picture, to minimize the effect, could be done in two ways. One would be to start the vertical axis at 0. The second would be to plot the rate (violent crime/population) instead of just violent crime. In both graphs, make sure that the years are evenly spaced in time, even though data for 1984 are not available.
b) The problem is that the population has increased over the years, so in raw numbers we would expect violent crime to increase, if the rate stayed the same. It would be misleading to infer that violent crime increased over the years without mentioning that the population also increased.
c) It is more sensible to plot the rate of violent crime compared to the population. If the plot is done that way, it is clear that crime has not increased as much as it appeared in the first picture.